Mat 16:13 When Jesus came to the region of Caesarea Philippi, he asked his disciples, "Who do people say the Son of Man is?" They replied, "Some say John the Baptist; others say Elijah; and still others, Jeremiah or one of the prophets." Mat 16:15 "But what about you?" he asked. "Who do you say I am?" Simon Peter answered, "You are the Christ, the Son of the living God."
Mat 16:17 Jesus replied, "Blessed are you, Simon son of Jonah, for this was not revealed to you by man, but by my Father in heaven. And I tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of Hades will not overcome it. I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven; whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven." Mat 16:20 Then he warned his disciples not to tell anyone that he was the Christ.
This is one of my most favorite passages in the Bible. In September 2009, my son Nathanael decided to follow Jesus. When we were baptizing him, we asked him to to state that he believed that Jesus is the Christ (Messiah) the Son of the Living God. This comes from this passage and Peter's confession of Jesus as the Christ.
To give a little background, Jesus had his disciples follow him to the city of Caesarea Philippi, a pagan territory that had become famous for the worship of the Greek god, Pan. Caesarea Philippi was located 25 miles north of Galilee near the source of the Jordan river. This area was governed by the Roman ruler Herod Philip the Tetrarch.
It was in this unbelieving area where the people worshiped a false god, that Jesus directly asked the disciples, "Who do you say I am?" The responses that had been proposed by others were John the Baptist, Elijah, Jeremiah, or another prophet. Elijah was suggested because of the prophecy in Mal 4:5 "See, I will send you the prophet Elijah before that great and dreadful day of the LORD comes.” Herod Antipas had even suggested that Jesus was John the Baptist risen from the dead (Matt 14:1). “One of the prophets” is explained by the People’s Commentary, “The Jews believed that at the coming of the Messiah the prophets were to rise again.” (The People's New Testament (1891) by B. W. Johnson).
Even though Jesus asked all of the disciples, Peter spoke up and answered, “You are the Christ, the Son of the Living God.” It’s inspiring to see that Peter recognized Jesus as the Messiah (Annointed One, King of Israel), but unfortunate that Peter did not understand Jesus’ mission and ultimate destiny at the cross (Matt 16:21, 22). Just a few verses later, Peter is speaking against Jesus for stating that he will suffer, die, and rise again. Jesus strongly corrects Peter.
Peter’s confession is certainly not the only one in scripture referring to Jesus. Andrew’s confession is found in John. 1:41 and Nathaniel’s in John. 1:49.
The church was not built on Peter, alone, but on all of the apostles and prophets. The Greek for "you" suggests that Jesus asked the group “Who do you say I am” and Peter simply spoke up first, probably because of his outgoing personality. The Greek “you” is in the plural form.
Ephesians 2:19-20 reinforces this view. "Consequently, you are no longer foreigners and aliens, but fellow citizens with God's people and members of God's household, Eph 2:20 built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, with Christ Jesus himself as the chief cornerstone.
If there is someone to emphasize here, it’s definitely Jesus, not Peter.
The term church, ekklesia, literally meant “gathering or group” and was commonly used for town meetings. The way Jesus used the phrase was not in referring to a specific institution, but a gathering/group of believers. There’s a church in Chiang Mai, Thailand composed mainly of foreign members whose name is “The Gathering.” I like that name. It correctly describes the original Greek meaning.
Regarding the binding and loosening in Matt 16:19, Jesus also gives incredible authority to the church through the disciples by telling them that whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven. Many people will say, “I want Jesus, but I don’t want the church.” This is an impossible statement, because the church is Jesus’ body as well as Jesus’ authority here on earth.
Finally, Jesus warns the disciples not to tell others about His identity. The proper time for revealing his Messiah identity to the masses had not come.
There’s one phrase that stands out to me in this passage (Matt 16:13-20). Jesus’ promise that “on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of Hades will not overcome it.” I see two pictures here. One is Satan and his demons attacking the church. Jesus promises that the church will not be consumed by Satan. Satan will be repelled!
The other picture is the church attacking the gates of Hades. As the church advances into the kingdoms of darkness held by Satan, Satan will not be able to withstand the church’s charge. Our family, as well as many other missions groups, is attacking Satan’s kingdom of darkness in Thailand. Satan has many of the people in Thailand in darkness with addictions to drugs and alcohol, marriage and family breakdowns, idol worship, abuse of children, and many other areas of evil. As we invade those areas with the love of Jesus, Jesus promises to defeat Satan battle by battle.
Phil Parker